Spreadsheets

Here’s a code to calculate and plot the shear rate in python. The file is in PDF but code can be copied easily. Any feedback is welcome.

Remarks: The code  provided is written in Python and uses the `tkinter` module for GUI. This code is compatible with both Windows and Unix-like operating systems without any modifications. However, there are a few things to note for a seamless experience:

1. **Libraries:** Ensure that you have the required libraries installed (`numpy`, `tkinter`, and `matplotlib`). You can install them using pip:
“`bash
pip install numpy matplotlib
“`

2. **Python Environment:** The code is written for Python 3, so make sure you are running it with Python 3.x.

3. **Matplotlib Backend:** `Matplotlib` uses different backends to render its plots. While it should automatically pick the best one for your OS, if you run into any issues on Windows, you might want to explicitly set the backend to be used with `TkAgg` (which works well with `tkinter`). To do this, add the following lines before importing `matplotlib.pyplot`:
“`python
import matplotlib
matplotlib.use(“TkAgg”)
“`

4. **Windows High DPI Displays:** If you’re running the application on a high DPI display in Windows, the application might appear blurry by default. This can be fixed by adjusting the DPI settings for Python in Windows or by adding a manifest file to your Python application.

For most standard setups, the code will work on Windows without any modifications. However, based on the specifics of the environment, you may need to address the points mentioned above.

Polymer flooding modelling with commercial simulators hasn’t provided full satisfaction so far. Predictions regarding injectivity, oil recovery, and sweep efficiency are often far away from the actual field results.

Some analytical methods exist as proposed by Gary Pope’ student in the 80’s, reused for Captain field injectivity calculations for instance. Other companies prefer a benchmark using simple 1D (Buckley-Leverett) simulation (see Hilcorp, Milne Point) to provide the teams with robust comparisons.

In the late 80’s the US DOE developed a small MSDOS exe called PFPM which has disappeared from the web.

This tool is  a streamline/tube model with the following characteristics:

• 3D, 2-phase (water and oil) 5-spot computer model to predict oil recovery from a polymer flood
• Developed by US DOE
• Combines oil recovery prediction with economics to get NPV
• Fractional flow and streamtube method
• Correlation based on simulation results used to model polymer slug size effect
• Adsorption, RRF are included
• Heterogeneity is accounted for by entering layer data
• Single value of polymer viscosity and adsorption
• Streamtube method used to calculate areal and vertical sweep efficiency
• The area between 2 streamlines is a streamtube
• Each layer is divided into 8 streamtubes from the injector to the producer
• 1/8 of a five-spot pattern is used for calculations due to symmetry of flow patterns
• 1D linear displacement is calculated along each streamtube using fractional flow theory
• Each streamtube is divided into 20 equal initial pressure drop increments (blocks)
• Combined results from all streamtubes and layers provide the 3D performance

It is a bit more detailed compared to basic 1D, and provides already useful insights. The only part missing is control of injection pressure/injectivity, which is the main factor impacting economics and the oil recovery calculation results.

For the .exe, please drop us a message. We have attached here a couple of screenshots + pictures of the model.

This Excel spreadsheet can be used to understand how shear rates vary in perforated vertical wells. This should help design the perfect completion to minimise mechanical degradation and avoid studying some parameters such as shear-thickening.